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The ability of the antidepressant to effectively reduce or alleviate the symptoms of depression. This can be measured by comparing the difference in outcomes (e.g., reduction in depression scores) between people taking the drug and those taking a placebo in randomized controlled trials.
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How well patients can tolerate the side effects of the antidepressant. Common side effects of antidepressants include nausea, dizziness, sleep disturbances, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction. Tolerability can be assessed by comparing the rates of discontinuation due to side effects between patients taking the drug and those taking a placebo.
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The overall safety profile of the antidepressant, including risks of overdose, drug interactions, and long-term effects on physical health. Safety data can be obtained from clinical trials, post-marketing surveillance, and case reports.
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How quickly the antidepressant starts to alleviate the symptoms of depression. Some patients may respond to treatment within a few weeks, while others may take several months. Antidepressants with a faster onset of action may be preferred for patients with more severe or acute symptoms.
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The length of time that the therapeutic effects of the antidepressant last after it is discontinued. Longer-lasting effects may provide more sustained relief and reduce the likelihood of relapse.
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The dosing schedule and formulation of the antidepressant, including the frequency of administration and the availability of different delivery methods (e.g., oral tablets, extended-release capsules, or intravenous infusions). Antidepressants that are easy to use and have fewer dosing requirements may improve patient adherence.
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The price of the antidepressant, including insurance coverage, copays, and out-of-pocket expenses. Affordability may be an important consideration for patients who require long-term treatment or have limited financial resources.
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The strength and quality of the available studies supporting the use of the antidepressant. Strong evidence from well-conducted randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews may provide greater confidence in the drug's benefits and risks.
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The effectiveness and tolerability of an antidepressant may vary depending on the specific patient population being treated (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, psychiatric comorbidities). Antidepressants with broader efficacy across diverse patient populations may be more highly ranked.
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Recommendations from medical professionals and healthcare organizations based on their clinical experience and knowledge of the available research. Expert consensus guidelines may provide insight into the preferred antidepressant for particular patient populations or clinical situations.